Mid-term evaluation of the project « Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights 2012-2014 »

This mid-term evaluation focuses on the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights project as implemented by Health Net TPO and funded by the Netherlands Embassy in Burundi. This SRHR project, also called ‘‘BIRASHOBOKA ‘’, a local name meaning ‘‘IT’S POSSIBLE’’, was adopted as a result of a brainstorming session and based on related challenges, existing opportunities and commitment of stakeholders.

The project covers three provinces of  the western part of Burundi,namely Bubanza, Cibitoke and  Bujumbura, over a period of 4-years (2012-2016).

The purpose of this mid-term evaluation was to understand what is happening in the field, the way the activities of the project are conducted, what are its strengths and weaknesses, what are the lessons learned and what could be the strategies for the next two years in order to offer the best services and sustainable solutions to the community in relation to the areas of intervention which are:

  • Adherence to family planning (FP)
  • Improved sexual and reproductive health (SRH) for adolescents and youth
  • Prevention and management of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)

For this evaluation a qualitative research method has been used (focus groups and individual interviews, review of materials, documents, reports). Different stakeholders have  been  contacted at  all  levels  of  society;  beneficiaries  living  in villages, stakeholders at district and provincial level, and health care providers at the level of communities, districts and provinces.

Major findings

  • The project has proven its relevance since it seems to be an appropriate response to improved sexual and reproductive health of the beneficiaries.Interviews with beneficiaries have confirmed these statements. It also takes into account the needs and national priorities in terms of SRH.
  • The approach  ”  Resource  Mapping  &  Mobilization  (Renforcement  des Systèmes Communautaires), RMM in short, is the backbone of the strategies deployed and is proving its effectiveness within the context of the implementation of the project activities in the areas of intervention through results in the field.
  • Furthermore, the training for key members at different levels of society, the awareness raising sessions for communities at large, the collaboration with the administrative authorities,  the  availability  of  Health Net  TPO’s  field  agents seem to be essential factors that enables the project to increase knowledge and build the capacity of the beneficiaries in connection with the three areas of project. These factors enabled the beneficiaries to adopt to a certain degree responsible behaviors, initiatives that need to be further supported and developed to prevent relapses that would hamper the behavioral change process in progress.
  • It should also be noted that the dynamism within community based networks, among change agents, participants of group discussions and socio therapy groups and peer educators constitute an added value in achieving positive results in the intervention areas. The home descents by change agents to support families are an eloquent testimony of outreach and interpersonal communication.
  • The report deals with each of the interventions that are part of the overall RMM approach and describes the strengths that largely dominate the weaknesses.  For example,  socio  therapy shows  clearly how pain  can  be verbalized and alleviated and as a consequence creates peace within many families.
  • In terms of family planning there are important positive changes; namely an increased number of users of Modern Contraceptive Methods (MCM) and a gradually lifting of taboos on frequent rumors regarding MCM.
  • Furthermore, young people state that as a result of this project, realities on sexuality and reproduction are no longer private issues but have become points of discussions among young people, and between authorities and their subordinates.  Thus,   this   brings   a   significant   reduction   of   unwanted pregnancies in schools, as well as a mutual respect among youth to defend their sexual and reproductive health rights.
  • As far as the youth are concerned, the evaluation also points out that thanks to the information provided, the perception of sexuality among young people within the target areas has evolved and has resulted in a change of attitude towards sexuality, which seems to have an impact on school results.
  • The evaluation among beneficiaries regarding the concepts around sexual violence shows that in general there is a good understanding of these concepts. The project is creating a favourable environment to discuss issues

that used to be taboos among community members; the project seems t0

make it possible to talk about domestic violence, a pre-dominated type of gender-based violence.

  • Regarding the innovative aspects of the project as implemented by Health Net TPO; working through socio-therapy groups, discussion groups, with change agents and the “braves”, all local actors that are selected with the help of the established networks at “colline” level, made it possible for marginalized and vulnerable  people  to have  access to  RH services.  A  clear  link has been established between improved reproductive health and increased social and family cohesion through socio therapy and group discussions while adapting a multi-sectoral approach based on existing structures at community level.
  • Despite the evidence of the positive results, the evaluation could not systematically detect the project’s contribution to the increase in the use of the RH services due to the unavailability of facts and documentation within this specific regard.  Indeed, other actors are operating in the same area and within the same domains and the health care providers recognize that they cannot tell whether a client referred to their center is the result of the interventions as implemented by HNTPO through its RMM approach.  In this sense, the success of the project and added value of the specific approach of HNPO can’t be proven by only taking into account the results of this mid-term evaluation. More time is needed to get a better understanding of the specific effects and impacts as a result of the proposed intervention logic of HNTPO on the increased use of RH services.
  • There are some challenges regarding the sustainability of actions. The project is ambitious and many staff members of Health Net TPO are involved. Many local actors are working on a voluntary basis. The community mobilizers of Health Net TPO will not be there after the end of the project. Although the capacity building of local actors is one of the priorities of the project, it is highly recommended to start thinking how the sustainability of actions can be further ensured.  Linking the SRHR related issues in a structural way to activities that permit to save and loan and to generate income is one of the examples that are currently discussed within the team.

MTE Report of the SRHR project HN-TPO

Enquête de base du projet santé et droits sexuels et reproductifs

Initiateur de l’enquête 

Health-net/TPO avec le financement de la part du Royaume des Pays Bas

Résumé exécutif

  • La présente étude concerne trois provinces qui forment la zone Ouest du Burundi qui sont Bubanza, Bujumbura Rural et Cibitoke.
  • Le but  de  l’étude  était  de  fournir  des  données  et  des  informations  pouvant contribuer à la compréhension des raisons, des facteurs d’utilisation ou non utilisation des MCM, l’ampleur des VS et VBG, évaluer les capacités communautaires à la stimulation de la demande des MCM et à la prévention et la prise en charge des VS et VBG.
  • L’étude  a   utilisé   une   approche   qualitative   par   focus   groups   et   entretiens individualisés et une approche quantitative par une enquête ménage et dans les FOSA.
  • 82,8% des femmes de 15-49 ans et 82,1% d’hommes de 15-59 ans ont déjà entendu parler de PF. Il y a une faible connaissance des jeunes par rapport aux adultes. On a

70,8% contre 90,8% chez les femmes et 65,0% contre 89,0% chez les hommes.

  • Pour  les   femmes   en   union,   la   connaissance   d’au   moins   deux   méthodes contraceptives est 90,0%, 87,0% et 86,0% à Bubanza, Bujumbura et Cibitoke respectivement. Au niveau de la zone Ouest, cette proportion est 87,6%.
  • Les sources d’information ne sont pas diversifiées car seuls les CDS et la radio véhiculent les informations sur la PF. Cela laisse la place aux rumeurs qui comblent le déficit donnant ainsi des informations souvent erronées.
  • Les espaces réservés aux demandeurs d’informations dans les FOSA ne sont pas conviviaux pour les jeunes : 49,3% pour les jeunes femmes trouvent que les lieux ne sont pas adaptés.
  • Seulement 27,4% des femmes de la zone d’étude ont déjà utilisé une méthode de contraception moderne.
  • Les jeunes femmes et filles (15-24 ans) sont moins utilisatrices des MCM car 21,6% (17,7%-26,1%) des jeunes femmes et filles de 15-24 ans qui ont déjà entendu parler de méthodes de contraception moderne sont utilisatrices alors que la proportions’élève à  39,1% (35,0%-43,4%) pour les femmes adultes (25-49 ans).
  • Parmi les utilisatrices des méthodes contraceptives, les méthodes principalement utilisées sont les injectables DMPA (57,8%), les pilules ordinaires (20,0%), les stérilet- DIU (16,4% et les implants sous cutané-Jadelle (15,5%).
  • La prévalence  contraceptive  est  estimée  à  15,4%  (13,5%-17,5%)  dans  la  zone d’étude, la population féminine qui fait usage des contraceptifs est estimée à 45973 (39992-51953).
  • Par rapport à la population féminine de 15-49 ans de la zone d’étude, on observe un taux d’abandon de 11,9% (10,3%-13,5%). Une grande partie de la population est non utilisatrice (72,7%) de la contraception.
  • La prévalence de la contraception pour les femmes en union est  20,4% (17,8%-

23,2%).  Les besoins  satisfaits  sont  évalués  à  13,4%,  répartis  en  besoins  satisfaits  pour espacer (5,8%) et besoins satisfait pour limiter (7,8%) les naissances.

  • Les besoins non satisfaits sont de l’ordre de 49,9% répartis en besoins non satisfaits

pour espacer (22,9%) et en besoins non satisfaits pour limiter (27,0%) les naissances.

  • L’étude de la susceptibilité à l’abandon a donné lieu à 6 groupes :

1)    Les  femmes  qui  croient  aux  rumeurs  sur  les  MCM :  elles  risquent  à  54,8%

d’abandonner une méthode contraceptive déjà utilisée.

2)   Les femmes qui ne croient pas aux rumeurs mais qui ne discutent pas avec leurs

conjoints du nombre et de l’espacement des naissances : elles risquent à 48,5%.

3)   Les  femmes  qui  ne  croient  pas  aux  rumeurs  mais  qui  discutent  avec  leurs

conjoints du nombre et de l’espacement des naissances : elles risquent à 26,6%.

4)   Les  femmes  qui  ne  sont  pas  satisfaites  des  explications  ou  conseils  des prestataires : elles risquent à 66,7%.

5)   Les femmes qui sont satisfaites des explications ou conseils des prestataires et

qui n’ont pas été mobilisées pour une activité en rapport avec la PF/MCM: elles

risquent à 63,6%.

6)   Les femmes qui sont satisfaites des explications ou conseils des prestataires et qui ont été mobilisées pour une activité en rapport avec la PF/MCM: elles risquent à 36,8%.

  • Pour  diminuer  les  besoins  non   satisfaits,  il  faut   convertir   les   abandons  en utilisatrices. Pour réduire le taux d’abandon, il faudrait développer l’esprit de dialogue au sein du ménage, lutter contre les rumeurs en multipliant les sources appropriées d’informations fiables, documenter suffisamment chaque MCM, améliorer les outils de communication et sensibilisation sur la PF, associer les bénéficiaires dans la promotion des MCM dans leurs communautés, impliquer l’Administration, cibler les groupes et familles à risque, lutter contre le concubinage, assurer une formation complète du personnel des CDs etc.
  • Au cours de l’analyse du profil des utilisatrices et non utilisatrices, les principaux constats sont que la mobilisation communautaire pourrait améliorer l’utilisation des MCM passant de 0,3% à 2,2% ; la lutte contre les rumeurs permettrait d’augmenter de plus de 20% les utilisateurs de MCM ; la sensibilisation sur les problèmes d’avoir plusieurs enfants  et  les  problèmes  sociaux  inhérents  permettrait  à  22,7%  des femmes supplémentaires d’utiliser les MCM.
  • Alors que 4,0% ne savent pas quoi dire, 66,0% (61,8%-70,0%) des femmes qui ont déjà entendu parler de méthodes contraceptives déclarent qu’il n’y a pas, dans leur entourage de personnes qui informent et incitent les gens à l’utilisation des services de PF ou contraception. 30,0% (26,2%-34,0%) disent que de telles gens existent.
  • La sensibilisation des jeunes est quasi inexistence dans la zone d’étude. En effet,

92,8% (89,5%-95,1%) des jeunes affirment ignorer l’existence de personnes qui informent et incitent les jeunes à l’utilisation des services de contraception.

  • Le  niveau  d’engagement  des  autorités  administratives  dans  la  promotion  de

l’utilisation des MCM reste très négligeable car seulement 3,0% des femmes de 15-

49 ans rangent les autorités administratives parmi les mobilisateur à l’usage des MCM.     Par  contre,  les  agents  de  santé  communautaires  jouent  un  rôle  très important suivis, à petite échelle, par les leaders communautaires.

  • Bien que toutes les FOSA ne fournissent pas toutes les MCM, les FOSA publiques fournissent au moins 5 types de MCM. Le femidom est rare dans les FOSA. Les autres MCM qui sont aussi moins fréquentes sont les pilules du lendemain et le condom. Dans presque toutes les FOSA publiques, l’injectable, le stérilet-DIU, l’implant et les pilules minidosées et normodosées y sont fournies. Globalement sur les 60 FOSA choisies, seules 9 distribuaient toutes les MCM et 20 FOSA ne distribuaient pas de MCM.
  • Les ruptures de stock rares dans la zone d’étude.
  • Sur toute la population féminine de 15 à 49 ans, 76,1% (73,4%-78,6%) ont déjà mis au monde au moins un enfant. Parmi celles qui ont déjà eu des enfants, 42,7% (39,4%-46,1%) ont encore un besoin d’avoir des enfants alors que 57,3% (53,9%-

60,6%) ne veulent plus avoir d’enfants.

  • La volonté d’avoir encore des enfants chez les hommes ayant déjà eu des enfants est plus faible. En effet, seuls 36,7% (32,3%-41,4%) d’entre eux veulent en avoir contre

63,3% (58,6%-67,7%) qui ne veulent plus avoir des enfants.

  • 14,7% de la population féminine de 15-19 ans ont déjà eu un enfant et 1,6% étaient enceinte au moment de l’enquête. Si on s’en tient aux célibataires, 8,3% des filles célibataires de 15-24 ans ont déjà eu un enfant alors que celles de 15-19 ans sont déjà mères dans 5,0% des cas.
  • Les célibataires étant mis à l’écart, 41,1% (37,4%-44,8%) des femmes (en union, séparées ou divorcées) ont eu dans leurs ménages des rapports sexuels sans consentement. Dans la plupart de ces cas (avoir des rapports sexuels sans consentement), il y a un manque de communication et en plus il peut s’agir de l’ignorance des attentes des conjoints, du caractère violent de l’homme, de l’alcool et du concubinage. La résignation (20,7%) et la tolérance (10,5%) de la violence sexuelle conjugale sont les solutions que les femmes adoptent dans la zone d’étude.
  • Les violences basées sur le genre sont connues par 65,5% (62,0%-68,8%) de la population féminine de 15-49 ans par le simple fait d’en avoir entendu parler. Parmi elles, 50,1% (45,8%-54,3%) en ont entendu parler dans leur propre communauté.  Il faut noter que cette proportion représente 32,8% de la population féminine non célibataire de 15-49 ans.

Bien que la réalité des violences basées sur le genre soit élevée, la formation sur les violences basées sur le genre est à un niveau très faible. En effet, seulement 13,8%,(11,0%-17,1%) des femmes ayant entendu parler des violences basées sur le genre, représentant 9,0% de toutes les femmes non célibataires de 15-49 ans, ont eu une formation sur les violences basées sur le genre.

  • La punition  par  frappe  de  la  femme  est  tolérée  par  69,0%  (66,1%-71,8%)  des femmes de 15-49 ans. C’est un signe qu’elles se résignent à être frappées en cas de faute dans leurs foyers.

Ce phénomène est très inquiétant dans le sens où les jeunes femmes et fille de 15-

24 ans sont aussi de l’avis qu’elles devraient être punies par la frappe. En effet,

67,1% (62,9%-71,1%) des filles et femmes de 15-24 ans approuvent la punition par frappe de la femme.

  • A la question de savoir si une femme peut avoir des circonstances qui l’empêchent d’avoir des relations intimes avec son époux, 49,0% (45,3%-52,6%) des femmes de

15-49 ans pensent qu’aucune raison ne peut justifier cet empêchement.

 

Etude de base du projet SDSR Rapport Définitif TPO

Adolescents and youth sexual and reproductive health survey in Burundi

Investigators:

Dr. Adriane Martin Hilber,Dr. Sonja Merten,Karin de Graaf,Dr Ndayishimiye Juvénal

Period

Survey report 2014

Introduction

This study evaluates the baseline situation for the Dutch-funded programme ‘Making Sexual and Reproductive Health Work for the Next Generation’. The programme aims at improving young people’s sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in three central African countries:  the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) where the programme targets four health zones (Katana, MitiMurhesa, Idjiwi, Walungu) of the South Kivu Province; Rwanda in four districts (Gicumbi, Kirehe, Nyaruguru, Rusizi) in four provinces; and Burundi in six provinces (Bururi, Cankuzo, Karusi, Makamba, Rutana, and Ruyigi)

Key Findings

Who are the young people in Burundi?

The majority of  young people surveyed  were single  and  lived  with  their  parent(s)  or a relative.More than half of the respondents had some level of education, with 58% currently being in school, however, a large group of young people did not access any education at all (15% young women and 5% young men).

Very high proportions of young people visited a religious service at least once a week (90%), followed by community activities (33%) and youth centers (12%). Generally, young men participated  more  actively  in  sports  activities  (66%)  compared  to  young  women  (37%).

Exposure to radio at least once a week was high (63%) and 56%  of  respondents  declared  owning  a  mobile  phone. Access  to  the  internet  was  rather  low,  however  higher among young men (4%) compared to young women (1%)

What do young people know about sexuality?

Survey population groups

terminology

Young people:  15-24 years Adolescents:    15-19 years Youth:              20-24 years

About half of the surveyed young people (53%) had received sexuality education; and 32% accessed  this  information  in  the  last  12  months.  The  main  place  where  they  received sexuality education was at school (91%) followed by health centres (8%).Despite having recently received sexuality education, sexuality knowledge was rather low and quite inconsistent.

Young people had particularly low knowledge on women’s fertility patterns. For example, about half of the young people reported that a woman cannot become pregnant the first time that  she  has  sexual  intercourse  (56%);  and  54%  thought  that  birth  control  pills  offer protection against sexual transmitted infections and HIV – both answers being incorrect. Generally young men had better knowledge scores (46%) compared to young women (28%)– measured by the ability to answer 6 out of 7 questions correctly.

Who is sexually active?

Among the young people, more women (32%) than men (24%) disclosed having had sexual intercourse, yet the median age of sexual debut for women was at 19.2 years and for men18.9 years. Among young single people, 11% reported having had sex, as compared to 46% of those in a relationship but not living together. The majority of youth (51%) reported to have had sexual intercourse as compared to adolescents (12%).

Who is using sexual and reproductive health services and where do they go?

More young women than men reported having previously used sexual and reproductive health services. The majority were youth who had accessed services within the last 12 months. Young people using services were also more likely to be married/living with a partner (74%), as compared to young people in a relationship but not living together (23%) or single (7%). In general, young people tend to access these services primarily in health centers (63%), followed by hospitals (19%).

Who are the young people with children?

Respondents with children were mainly found among youth (31%) and to a lesser extent among adolescents (2%). A majority of young people that were married and living together had children (72%). Of the female respondents who were pregnant or already had a child at the time of the survey, a high proportion stated that their last pregnancy was unplanned (45%).

Who is using contraceptive methods?

Knowledge  of  modern  contraceptive  methods  is  high  amongst  young  people  (97%  of sexually active unmarried women and 99% of sexually active unmarried men could cite 5 methods of modern methods). Actual uptake of modern contraceptive methods among the same group is very low (17% for women and 12% from men). Yet, the potential future demand for  modern  contraceptive  methods (i.e.  young  people  who  do  not  wish  to  get pregnant, and are not against the use of modern contraceptives) is high among sexually active young people with about half (46% women and 58% men) considered as potential future users of family planning methods, although they are currently non-users.

Who is experiencing physical and sexual violence?

More than a quarter of young people reported having experienced physical violence at least once since the age of 15, with a larger proportion among young men (32%) compared to young women (19%). Perpetrators of physical violence were mainly family members and teachers.

Over a quarter of young female respondents (26%) and 9% of male respondents reported being a victim of sexual violence. Perpetrators of sexual violence were mainly current partners, friends, colleagues, or neighbours.

The majority of young people having experienced sexual violence (53%) consulted either a friend or family member (50%); however none of the respondents mentioned consulting a health service provider or other professional institution or service.

How do health professionals interact with adolescent and youth clients?

The survey conducted among health service providers offering  sexual  and reproductive health services showed that despite the fact that most health professionals had received training and guidelines for these services, they reported low confidence in their knowledge and skills to provide these services to young people. Similarly, community health workers reported low confidence in having sufficient knowledge to sensitize young people on sexual and reproductive health and on knowing how to communicate with them about the benefits and risks related to these services (i.e family planning).

Counseling on contraceptive methods

The results across the three surveys show discrepancies in the perceived quality of family planning service provision (between health professionals, community health workers and young people). The vast majority of service providers (95%) reported that they informed their clients about side effects or problems that may occur with contraceptive method use and what to do in case they occur (99%). However, among young people who reported using family planning services, only 53% reported having received adequate information about side effects and how to appropriately manage them when they occur (51%).

NG_A&Y Survey Report_EN_BURUNDI_final suiss TPH

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